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《用Gin框架构建分布式应用》学习第5天，p77-p87总结，总计11页。
(1)context
p80, A container is like a separate OS, but not virtualized; it only contains the dependencies needed for that one application, which makes the container portable and deployable on-premises or on the cloud。
premises的意思是“the land and buildings owned by someone, especially by a company or organization(归属于某人(尤指公司、组织)的土地或建筑物)”。简单来说 on-premises software 指的是运行在本地的服务(软件)。
wiki 对这个名称的定义很好，这里直接引用“On-premises software (abbreviated to on-prem, and often written as "on-premise") is installed and runs on computers on the premises of the person or organization using the software, rather than at a remote facility such as a server farm or cloud”。
openssl rand -base64 12 | docker secret create mongodb_password
-
rand 命令语法：
openssl rand [-help] [-out file] [-base64] [-hex] [-engine id] [-rand files] [-writerand file] [-provider name] [-provider-path path] [-propquery propq] num[K|M|G|T]
12对应 num参数。rand详细用法参考https://docs.openssl.org/3.4/man1/openssl-rand/。对于一个命令，我们需要掌握其有哪些参数及每个参数的含义。
(1)未下载镜像
打开latest tag对应的页面，如：https://hub.docker.com/layers/library/mongo/latest/images/sha256-e6e25844ac0e7bc174ab712bdd11bfca4128bf64d28f85d0c6835c979e4a5ff9，搜索 VERSION，然后找到版本号。
(2)已下载镜像
使用 docker inspect 命令进行查看。
# docker inspect d32 | grep -i version
"DockerVersion": "",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.17",
"JSYAML_VERSION=3.13.1",
"MONGO_VERSION=8.0.1",
"org.opencontainers.image.version": "24.04"
书上代码使用的mongo-go-driver v1.4.5，现在已经更新到了v2.0.0，导致有些代码无法运行，建议使用最新版。这里还得再吐槽下 Go 生态圈的文档写得太糟糕了。示例：
client, _ := mongo.Connect(options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://localhost:27017"))
ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
defer cancel()
_ = client.Ping(ctx, readpref.Primary())
个人认为，上面的代码 err 就不应该忽略掉。而应该是：
package main
import (
"context"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"github.com/rs/xid"
"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo/options"
"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo/readpref"
"log"
"net/http"
"strings"
"time"
)
type Recipe struct {
ID string `json:"id"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Tags []string `json:"tags"`
Ingredients []string `json:"ingredients"`
Instructions []string `json:"instructions"`
PublishAt time.Time `json:"publishAt"`
}
var recipes []Recipe
func init() {
// 方式1：使用内存进行初始化
// recipes = make([]Recipe, 0)
// file, err := os.Open("recipes.json")
// if err != nil {
// log.Fatal(err)
// return
// }
// defer file.Close()
//
// // 反序列化：将json转为slice
// decoder := json.NewDecoder(file)
// err = decoder.Decode(&recipes)
// if err != nil {
// log.Fatal(err)
// return
// }
// 方式2：使用 MongoDB 存储数据
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
defer cancel()
// 创建连接,这里的 err 针对的是 URI 错误
client, err := mongo.Connect(options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb1://admin:admin@localhost:27017"))
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("MongoDB connect error: ", err)
}
// 判断连接是否成功
if err := client.Ping(ctx, readpref.Primary()); err != nil {
log.Fatal("MongoDB Ping error: ", err)
}
log.Println("Connected to MongoDB successfully.")
}
// swagger:route POST /recipes createRecipe
//
// # Create a new recipe
//
// Responses:
//
// 200: recipeResponse
//
// NewRecipeHandler 新增recipe,是按照单个新增，所以这里名称这里用的是单数
func NewRecipeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
var recipe Recipe
if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&recipe); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
recipe.ID = xid.New().String()
recipe.PublishAt = time.Now()
recipes = append(recipes, recipe)
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, recipe)
}
// swagger:route GET /recipes listRecipes
// Returns list of recipes
// ---
// produces:
// - application/json
// responses:
// '200':
// description: Successful operation
// ListRecipesHandler 差下recipes，因为是查询所有，所以名称这里用的是复数
func ListRecipesHandler(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, recipes)
}
// UpdateRecipeHandler 更新 recipe，因为是单个，所以使用的是单数。
// id 从 path 获取，其它参数从 body 获取。
func UpdateRecipeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
id := c.Param("id")
// 数据解码
var recipe Recipe
if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&recipe); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
// 判断 id 是否存在
index := -1
for i := 0; i < len(recipes); i++ {
if recipes[i].ID == id {
index = i
}
}
// 如果 id 不存在
if index == -1 {
c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "recipe not found"})
return
}
// 如果 id 存在则进行更新
recipes[index] = recipe
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, recipe)
}
// DeleteRecipeHandler 删除 recipe: 1.删除之前判断是否存在，存在就删除，不存在就提示不存在。
func DeleteRecipeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
id := c.Param("id")
index := -1
for i := 0; i < len(recipes); i++ {
if recipes[i].ID == id {
index = i
}
}
if index == -1 {
c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"message": "recipe not found"})
return
}
recipes = append(recipes[:index], recipes[index+1:]...)
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"message": "recipe deleted",
})
}
// SearchRecipesHandler 查询 recipes
func SearchRecipesHandler(c *gin.Context) {
tag := c.Query("tag")
listOfRecipes := make([]Recipe, 0)
for i := 0; i < len(recipes); i++ {
found := false
for _, t := range recipes[i].Tags {
if strings.EqualFold(t, tag) {
found = true
}
if found {
listOfRecipes = append(listOfRecipes, recipes[i])
}
}
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, listOfRecipes)
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/recipes", NewRecipeHandler)
router.GET("/recipes", ListRecipesHandler)
router.PUT("/recipes/:id", UpdateRecipeHandler)
router.DELETE("/recipes/:id", DeleteRecipeHandler)
router.GET("/recipes/search", SearchRecipesHandler)
err := router.Run()
if err != nil {
return
}
}
p79, I opted to go with Docker duce to its popularity and simplicity in runing ephermeral environment.
(1)ephemeral: ephemera + -al。
(2)ephemera: epi-("on") + hemera("day"), lasting one day , short-lived"。
从目前的阅读体验来看，作者默认读者充分掌握Golang，丝毫不会展开介绍。
(1) Mohamed Labouardy，《Building Distributed Applications in Gin》：https://book.douban.com/subject/35610349
(1) Etymology Dictionary：https://www.etymonline.com
(2) Cambridge Dictionary：https://dictionary.cambridge.org
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